Mammography Services & Treatments

Do you have breast health concerns? At Mayo Clinic Health System, our mammography team provides fast, accurate answers using advanced diagnostic imaging. We offer screening and diagnostic mammograms to help detect breast changes early and support your breast health — close to home.

Find out more about our mammogram services:

• Conditions and consultations
• Diagnosis and treatments
• Mammography specialists
• Referrals
• FAQ
• Mammography locations near you

Conditions and consultations

Our team of experts offers diagnostic and screening mammograms for a variety of breast issues.

Screening and diagnostic mammograms serve different purposes. Your care team will recommend the most appropriate exam based on your age, symptoms and breast health history.

Screening mammograms are used to detect breast changes that could be cancerous in people who have no signs or symptoms. Screening mammograms are conducted annually beginning at age 40.

Diagnostic mammograms are conducted if you experience:

• Breast lump
• Breast pain
• Nipple thickening
• Nipple discharge
• Unusual skin appearance on breast

Diagnostic mammograms also are used to evaluate abnormal findings on a screening mammogram.

Screening mammograms are used to detect breast changes that could be cancerous in people who have no signs or symptoms. Screening mammograms are conducted annually beginning at age 40.

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Diagnosis and treatments

Our experienced mammography team offers:

• 3D digital mammography, also called breast tomosynthesis
  3D digital mammography is an imaging test that combines multiple breast X-rays to create a 3D picture of the breast that can be analyzed as a whole or in small fractions for greater detail. For breast cancer screening purposes, the machine also creates standard 2D mammogram images.
• Computer-aided detection, or CAD
  CAD is an advanced technology that assists radiologists by digitizing and analyzing mammograms for suspicious regions that may be indicative of cancer.
• Mobile mammography
  The mobile mammography unit brings Mayo Clinic care close to home, expanding patient access to the latest 3D breast imaging technology to Minnesota and Wisconsin communities.

Supplemental breast imaging may be recommended for some people, such as those with dense breast tissue or higher than average risk.

Supplemental breast imaging may include:

• Breast biopsy
• Breast ultrasounds
• Breast magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI
• Molecular breast imaging, or MBI

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Mammography specialists

Mammography exams are performed by trained imaging professionals and interpreted by radiologists with expertise in breast imaging.

Additional care and therapies may be provided by:

• Genetic Counseling
• Mayo Clinic Store
• Oncology
• Physical Therapy
• Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
• Surgery

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Referrals

A referral is not required for screening mammography beginning at age 40. Diagnostic mammograms or additional imaging may be ordered based on symptoms or findings.

For women who may be at a higher risk for breast cancer, such as family history, screening mammograms may be recommended before age 40. In those cases, talk with your primary healthcare provider for a referral.

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FAQ

What is the difference between a screening and diagnostic mammogram?

Screening mammograms are used to detect breast changes that could be cancerous in people who have no signs or symptoms of breast disease. Screening mammograms are typically done on a routine basis to help find breast cancer early. At Mayo Clinic Health System, screening mammograms are generally recommended beginning at age 40.

Diagnostic mammograms are used when there are breast symptoms, such as a lump, pain, nipple discharge, skin changes, or when an abnormality is found on a screening mammogram. Diagnostic mammograms allow radiologists to closely examine specific areas of concern.

Your care team will recommend the most appropriate type of mammogram based on your age, symptoms and breast health history.

When should I start getting mammograms?

For people at average risk of breast cancer, screening mammograms are generally recommended annually beginning at age 40, even if there are no signs or symptoms of breast disease.

If you have higher‑than‑average risk factors, such as a strong family history of breast cancer, genetic risk, or previous breast conditions, your care team may recommend a different screening plan. Talk with your health care provider to determine the screening schedule that’s right for you.

What if I have dense breast tissue?

Some people have dense breast tissue, which means there is more fibrous and glandular tissue compared to fatty tissue in the breast. Dense breast tissue is common and not abnormal, but it can make breast cancer more difficult to detect on a standard mammogram because both dense tissue and cancer appear white on images.

For some individuals — such as those with dense breast tissue or higher‑than‑average risk — supplemental breast imaging may be recommended in addition to mammography. Supplemental imaging options may include breast ultrasound, breast MRI or molecular breast imaging (MBI). Your care team will help determine whether additional imaging is appropriate based on your personal risk factors and screening results.

Are there risks associated with mammography?

Mammography is a safe, widely used screening tool, and the benefits of early breast cancer detection generally outweigh the risks for most people. Mammograms use a low dose of radiation, and advanced imaging technology helps minimize exposure while improving image quality.

As with many medical tests, mammography may occasionally lead to additional imaging or follow‑up tests if an area of concern is identified. Your care team can help you understand your results and guide next steps, if needed.

How and when will I get my results?

Mammogram images are reviewed by a radiologist who specializes in interpreting breast imaging. Your results are documented in a report and shared with you and your care team through your electronic health record.

If additional imaging or follow‑up is recommended, your care team will contact you to explain the findings and next steps. Timing of results may vary, but Mayo Clinic Health System is committed to providing results as efficiently as possible to help reduce unnecessary worry.

When should I schedule my screening mammogram?

Screening mammograms are recommended yearly for women starting at the age of 40. Schedule the test for a time when your breasts are least likely to be tender. If you haven't gone through menopause, that's usually during the week after your menstrual period. Your breasts are most likely to be tender the week before and the week during your period.

How do I prepare for my mammogram appointment?

For two weeks prior to your appointment, avoid using cream or ointments that contain zinc on your breasts. On the day of your appointment, do not use deodorants, powders or lotions on your upper body. Wear a two-piece outfit to easily change for the procedure.

What should I expect during my mammogram?

You will be given a gown and asked to remove any necklaces and clothing from the waist up.

For the procedure itself, you stand in front of an X-ray machine equipped to perform 3D mammograms. The technologist places one of your breasts on a platform and raises or lowers the platform to match your height. The technologist helps you position your head, arms and torso to allow an unobstructed view of your breast.

Your breast is gradually pressed against the platform by a clear plastic plate. Pressure is applied for a few seconds to spread out the breast tissue and collect images. The pressure isn't harmful, but you may find it uncomfortable.

The pressure on your breast is released, and the machine is repositioned to take an image from the side. The process is repeated on the other breast.

What are my payment options, and do you offer financial assistance?

Screening mammograms are typically covered by commercial insurance; however, we recommend that you check with your insurance provider to confirm coverage and co-pay prior to your appointment.

For women without insurance or insurance that does not cover breast cancer screening, free or low-cost breast cancer screening programs may be available, including:

• Minnesota Sage Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Program
  Call 507-668-7718 or review eligibility requirements.
• Wisconsin Well Woman Program (WWWP)
  Review program details to learn about eligibility and covered services.

Mayo Clinic Health System also offers financial assistance for patients who have an established need for medically necessary services. Learn more about your financial assistance options.

Can you provide a second opinion?

Yes — call the appointment number at your preferred Mammography location.

Do you have an after-hours number in case of emergency?

Always call 911 in case of an emergency. For after-hours help with other issues, get virtual care 24/7 through the Primary Care On Demand app or review our convenient care options.

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Explore locations or providers near you for details on expert mammography services:

Not all treatments, tests and services are available at all Mayo Clinic Health System locations. Check with your preferred location in advance.